It’s a question the staff at GM Authority has had for some time, and we open the floor for (constructive) discussion. Is purchasing a GM vehicle built outside of the United States a non-starter? That’s today’s community question, readers.
GM builds a vast majority of its vehicles here in the U.S., though we’d like to focus on the models that hail from the country’s NAFTA partners (Canada and Mexico) and China.
Specifically, GM imports the following vehicles from Mexico to the U.S.:
- Chevrolet Cruze 5-door (hatchback)
- Chevrolet Equinox
- Chevrolet Silverado 1500 (certain configurations)
- Chevrolet Trax
- GMC Sierra 1500 (certain configurations)
- GMC Terrain
From Canada, GM imports the following:
- Cadillac XTS
- Chevrolet Equinox
- Chevrolet Impala
- Chevrolet Silverado 1500 (previous-generation K2 platform)
- GMC Sierra 1500 (previous-generation K2 platform)
Finally, two vehicles hail from China: the Buick Envision and Cadillac CT6 Plug-In. The Buick Regal family ships from Germany as well.
With the products on full display for all to see, we’re curious if certain models are immediately crossed off a shopping list due to their country of origin. Much controversy has surrounded GM and producing vehicles in both Mexico and China, though we often don’t hear distaste for Canadian production.
CT6 production at Jinqiao-Shanghai China factory
GM has previously backed up the decision to build cars like the Chevrolet Cruze hatchback, Buick Envision and Cadillac CT6 Plug-In outside of the U.S. with a market explanation. The models sell in relatively low numbers and the investment to retool production facilities outweighs the profitability, GM explained in the past. The contention over building these vehicles outside of the U.S. also comes as sedan sales flounder, which leaves manufacturing plants like the Lordstown, Ohio, facility on thin ice.
But, it comes back to an age-old question: is a Honda Civic assembled in Ohio, for example, more American than a Chevrolet Cruze hatchback built in Mexico? Keep it civil, vote in our poll and talk to us down below.
Comments
I won’t do China, too many questionable factors (human rights, pollution, IP thefts..), Plus the Mexico/Canada are proven allies of the US. Can’t trust a nation with ICBMs pointing at you, ask Russia..
The most manipulated poll I have ever seen in my life.
Why not “Buy American when possible to support American jobs, communities, research and development” to the poll?
This country has been drained of high quality jobs for all for far too many years by China, Mexico and even Canada. Time to take care of our and fix the issues in this country first. Let others fix there own issues. Sorry, Sean, your desperate attempts to push your left-wing dying globalist Utopia are, well, desperate and devoid of fact.
You’re right. This really is the end of the world. This poll is worse than any hurricane or cancer. And Sean? Nail him to that crucifix. Oh… the humanity.
Guess what? Computer or Smartphone you used to type this comment is made in China. But whatever makes you sleep at night.
I could care less where its built. China, Cuba, Russia, the Moon.
I’m going to buy the BEST CAR at the BEST VALUE every time.
So you could care less about the neighbor who might be making money to spend where you work? Careless… that about sums it up.
Even if they have horrible human rights records and work conditions (China) or break “free trade” rules by taxing American goods while expecting no taxes on their products coming into the U.S. thus creating an unlevel playing field (Canada)?
You are exactly the type of person why there are so many problems in the U.S. right now that our President is working overtime trying to fix.
it didn’t bother trump when he was using chinese steel in his buildings.
and don’t forget the trump related schlock produced in china.
let’s see you square that hole.
Obviously Steve you don’t understand why Trump was using steel made in China. He’s a business man so he needs to compete with others. Before he became President the duties and tariffs under previous Presidents were too low on China goods. As a business man he had no choice but to use Chinese steel because of the cost. As President he was able to fix the tariffs and duties to make American steel more competitive with Chinese steel. This will benefit American workers going forward.
If we are being honest, the Envision is kind of a meh product. It being manufactured in the US won’t help it much unless the design is improved.
The power train seems good, but the styling and quality is just nothing special.
I will not support auto workers (or any others) in another country unless there is no alternative. To me Made In The USA means something, especially Automobiles, that goes deeper than just cost of a product. It means my neighbor has a job and makes money to spend so other neighbors have jobs. Car manufactures have tried to skirt labor costs for decades only find those other countries eventually seeking higher wages. I’ll pay more for American Made because the money comes back to me. Look in any school parking lot and see a plethora of non US brand vehicles purchased by Union members with money paid to them by tax payers. People who don’t understand the economics of this are fools.
It depends on other factors. Canada is our neighbor and ally and has a similar culture and governmental structure. I have no issue with a Canadian-made vehicle. Mexico likewise is also an ally and neighbor although I’d be less likely to purchase a Mexican-made product than Canadian. Either nation though doesn’t pose a threat to America’s leadership role in the world and our attendant values. China, however, is a Communist nation intent on world domination and uses a variety of schemes to steal technology and force technological transfers in an effort to achieve their domination goals. Not only do they not play fair by manipulating their currency and enacting restrictive tariffs among other things, China intends to overtake the United States as the most powerful nation and if they do, their culture and values spread around the world would result in a very different earth. Thus, I would not purchase a Chinese vehicle and I personally try very hard not to purchase any products from China.
Your IP shows you are from Canada so of course you “don’t have any problem with Canada.”. Lol
Canada is not our ally on many issues and routinely breaks the free trade agreement with us to tax or block our products while we accept their products freely. I have a huge issue with that and so do the majority of Americans. NAFTA IS DEAD and thank God it is. Time for Canada to abide by the rules of free and fair trade.
Mexico already admitted they were wrong and gave into Pres. Trump. Canada can’t hide behind the fake smiles and little dog barking anymore.
No,
Interesting comment. However you supposedly accessed my IP location, your information is dead wrong. Where I sit right now, I am about 1,000 miles south of the Canadian border and I’m an eighth-generation American citizen.
We live in a global economy and in many ways, that’s not a bad thing. The fact that I can purchase a Ferrari or a Rolls Royce instead of inferior American products is a very good thing. However, I am selective with whose products I buy. Nations that are allies with the United States that have a similar standard of living like Italy and the United Kingdom (or Canada) are okay to buy from as I see it. China is the absolute worst country to buy from because of their intention to overtake the United States. As I see it, every US dollar I give to them only furthers their cause and weakens America. I don’t worry about Canada or the UK or Italy ever becoming the preeminent world power and dictating to the rest of us. I do fear the day that China might have that kind of power.
You should look up which country holds the largest amount of US Securities (debt). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States China only accepts gold as payment.
There is no way anyone outside of admins on GM Authority can access anything related to anyone’s comment.
In other words, the comment by user “No” is as full of bull as a doughnut is full of carbohydrates.
“Your IP shows you are from Canada so of course you “don’t have any problem with Canada.”. Lol”
And your 133T NetW0rK HaXinG skills are about as believable as Ronald McDonald.
Do you even know what a dynamic IP is? Do you know the difference between IPV4 and IPV6? Because I don’t think you do, and all of your petty efforts to scare people into submission by falsely claiming you can identify their IP address is a giant lie.
Besides, anyone can change an IP address from one device to anyone, and therefore your ‘hacking skills’ would still be just as useless. What you want, but clearly don’t have, is someone’s mac addresses.
You’re a total puss.
I mean I don’t even care about how you voted either. You just plain suck at convincing anyone that you have any ability to determine someone’s IP.
P.S. The Buick Envision pictured looks so dated and sad. The new American-made Enclave is a much better value and you are supporting Americans, your neighbors, and the future of the country when buying it over the Chinese-made one too. Win-win.
My wife and I waited several years for the Envision to come out before we traded in our Terraza minivan (kids grown and moved out). However, there was something about the feel of the car (and maybe the Chinese built aspect), but was not comfortable enough to pull the trigger – result, we went with an RX350. I’m still in my Rainier and not letting go – unless the old Trailblazer platform, or something close to it is revived.
China made vehicles are a no-go. Period.
Quality & Pervious ownership experience > Manufacturing location.
There are factors as well.
Canada and Mexico yes. China? No freaking way!
Unbelievable some of the comments here , how about a refresher about Canada. When 9/11 happened we welcomed American passenger’s into Gander Newfoundland , gave them lodging ,food and comfort. Canadian troops served in Afghanistan right beside American military members and 158 of them made the ultimate sacrifice. We served in the Korean war together and also lost many of our troops , we were in both the First and second world wars together, there are handfuls of war cemeteries holding the remains of Canadian troops scattered throughout Europe who died fighting side by side with their American compatriots . So please save the bullshit comments about Canada not being a true partner with the USA. On a side note I have absolutely no issue buying an American built vehicle, I’m proud to support my fellow production line workers and their families.
Mike,
Thank you to everyone in Canada.
I look at it this way. After WWII, the United States ascended to status of the world’s preeminent superpower and assumed a leadership role formerly held by the UK. The US taking the baton was like a parent handing off control to their child. Not much actually changed. The United States is much less intent on a kind of colonial rule from afar as our parent was but the language is the same, the laws, standards, and customs,etc. are the same as before. The world never felt a monumental shift. If the US is now the child in charge then certainly Canada is our brother or sister. Still as important to us as our parent and literally standing (geographically) shoulder-to-shoulder with us.
The next change, if it happens, where China assumes the role the US currently holds would bring a seismic shift to the world’s governance and predominant values. Everything would be different and I think different in a not-good way. If Canada were the nation poised to ascend to the throne of international leader, I wouldn’t worry. To use the analogy again, it would be like the other child taking over and I’d know my way-of-life would continue on. China though worries me. They are not part of the same family. For that reason, I do all I can to not help them along whereas I gladly support Canada’s economy. Thus, I’d buy a Canadian-made GM car with no reservation but I’ll never buy anything GM ships in from Communist China.
There are more tools in these comment fields than a Home Depot.
Do we really have a choice? The next Silverado model 1500 (crew cab) is only made in Mexico unless something changed for the 2019 models. I do have to say, my son bought a 2018 Honda Civic, it is one really nice vehicle for the dollar the Buckeyes build.
For the record I buy the vehicle first, the wife has a Nissan, me, a Silverado (Ft Wayne build)
You have been programmed to say the Honda is a “really nice vehicle”. A Honda Civic is nothing more than a cheap, disposable vehicle. Nobody really wants to buy a small, uncomfortable, unsafe Civic, but the media has the American public hoodwinked into it being a reliable vehicle. If so, why are 5-10 yr old Civics so rare on the road, and you NEVER see any at cruise-in events for classic cars.
Also, you think you are doing yourself a favor because they are built in Ohio, but they are not paying the state and federal taxes that American manufacturers, as they deduct Japanese “management services” from their profits. In addition, their do not pay near as well, or have the benefits that an American manufacturer pays. They also treat female employees like 2nd class citizens.
So, from a logical standpoint, do you want a product built by underpaid workers, or by ones that are paid a decent living wage? If you say the former, then apparently, you yourself will do better work for less pay.
I know the arguments that you are going to use, so if unfair trade deals have been so great for this country, then why have we lost pensions, sick time, and other benefits over the last 30 yrs? Not too long ago, American families got by with more disposable income with only 1 wage earner than we do today with 2. Why would anyone want to be worse off than their parents and grandparents?
George
Fort Wayne is currently building the all new T1 crew cabs .
I think I read it here that for the interim crew cabs will be built in Ft Wayne to get the new model out in time and once the Silao plant is retooled production of crew cabs will continue there.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-nafta-autos/game-of-chicken-gm-bets-on-mexican-made-pickup-trucks-idUSKBN1F42G7
From the Reuters article:
“Engines for trucks made in Silao come from GM factories in Flint; Spring Hill, Tennessee; and Tonawanda, New York. U.S. factories supply fuel systems and other components. In total, GM said it has more than 5,000 employees in U.S. plants with jobs tied to production in Silao.”
“In North America, GM’s operations are primarily in the United States. It has 4 four manufacturing plants in Mexico, and 40 in the United States.”
I like to order cars, so if it gets here by boat, I probably won’t buy it.
the unions drove the car companies out of the USA with their work rules not wages. Is the honda factory in ohio non union.
Yes, the Honda factory in Ohio is non-union and pay/benefits lag behind American manufacturers. Unions didn’t drive car companies out of the USA, the anti-union media did. Many American buy cheap, disposable foreign union made vehicles, just to stick it to American union workers. Even Japan has auto unions, it’s just that they are very weak.
Sad thing is the media has had such an anti-American agenda, that Chrysler has to advertise “Imported from Detroit” because many Americans will only buy it if it’s imported. They don’t care from where, but only if it’s imported, regardless of quality, performance or value. As my late father used to say “Many so-called Americans won’t buy it unless it comes from a WWII enemy”.
Now don’t get me wrong, today the Axis of Evil are our allies, and our distant allies (Russia, China) are now our enemies. In WWII the enemy of our enemy was our friend, so Russia and China was on our side against Germany, Italy and Japan. Also, there are foreign made vehicles are well-made and of good value, but there has been such a prominent anti-American, anti-union agenda in all the media that it really angers me when I see it.
BTW, take the time to look at the CIA facebook (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/) and compare rich countries to poor countries regarding imports and exports. You will see, almost exclusively, that countries with trade surpluses are richer while countries with trade deficits are poorer. The U.S. is a lot poorer than it used to be, and if it continues as is, we will become a 2nd and 3rd world country. It should be common sense to most people, but apparently not, that if you spend more money than you make, you will go poor. It holds true regardless of macro or micro economics. That’s why we have such a large federal deficit.
One last thing. If unions are so bad, then why is are military regarding as the most advanced in the world? All of our weapons and military use vehicles, including planes and ships, are made by union workers. Even our most lucrative career fields (acting, screenwriters, music and sports) are union jobs. Why would someone want to take on management alone, when it’s much stronger to take on with solidarity? Another thing my wise father told me was “that it’s easier to rip a phone book in half page by page then all the pages together”. Seems we’ve lost our common sense nowadays.
Does it really matter where the vehicle is built. Engineering, design, and Quality Assurance should be consistent everywhere, otherwise the customer is getting conned. Nonetheless, the market is the final check on all these matters. Certainly, GM is well aware.
I don’t particularly have a problem with Canada, Mexico or Germany. China is where I draw the line. Both of my vehicles are NA, one US (Colorado) one Canada (Impala). I thought the Envison import was a bad idea and my opinion hasn’t changed.
Great comment Pete. I agree with you 100%
New, I’d buy only GM U.S. Used, I’d be interested in the Regal, G8, and maybe a fleet Impala.
Count me out of MX and definitely China. I have nothing against the people of those countries, but I’m American and support American workers and companies.
As far as a transplant, nothing the Japanese or Germans do anything for me and if it did still probably not. Some of the compacts have less than 50% U.S. or Canada content. You can look it up on NHTSA. I have no interested in supporting those subsidized foreign companies.
The only foreign car that I might consider if I wanted something foreign and super cool would be the Quattroporte.
And if you ever want an unbiased research data on the real content of products sold in America, checkout KOGOD: https://www.american.edu/kogod/research/autoindex/
I also dont think that a foreign company should not be able to build cars or trucks in the US with a foreign company tax like china does to US companies.
The poll is a set up. I will not buy a car made in Communist China. If GM wants to make and sell Buicks in China so be it…..keep them in China!
I’m sick of the “union” being blamed……..negotiations are a two way street. The corporations were hogs at the trough also. As for Mexico………..we should be holding them responsible for all the issues we have in this Country. I read today that Illegals stole 39 million Social Security numbers. So not only did GM take our jobs and make a huge profit from Mexican labor, we now have to use our tax dollars to subsidize Mexico’s illegals. Mexico is no friend of the USA. Canada has supported us in all the wars. Were are the Mexican soldiers? It seems like we get taken in very trade deal. Yes Honda, Toyota etc may be good cars but follow the money. In most cases the foreign car makers come to America and get a tax break for their properties consequently my property taxes make up the difference. I love to look at a GM parking lot and see employees driving a Honda to work.
I’m sorry but our culture has changed…………there’s no longer much loyalty or the stomach to fix what we have!
They got us where we want us…………face it!
The way we are headed the end of this great Country may be sooner than we think. We better all wake up!
Only USA made GM vehicles for me.
I am a Canadian and i will never buy a car made in USA. As long as Trump is. President. like it or not…
I will never buy a car made in canada, as long as you keep slaughtering millions of baby seals for fun every year.
Laverne
That is your choice and i respect that . If President Trump does add Tariffs to Canadian built Automobiles it will obviously effect us here in the great white north , but it will also have a huge effect on American workers as most customers will not fork out a 20-25 % tariff on a new vehicle , which will in turn slow down the production lines and with less orders coming in it means less parts being ordered from American suppliers. Its a no win situation for either of our countries , so i hope our negotiators can work out a deal that benefits both parties. But i’m not here to judge or Comment on American politics as that is strictly for our cousins south of the border to comment on, we have enough to worry about with PM Trudeau !!
The only model I’ve lost sales because of where’s it’s built is the Envision. Customers don’t mind Korea, Germany, or Poland, but China seems to be no-go for some. Personally, I tend to agree with others that question the righteousness of the patriots who won’t buy a car made in China, but certainly own a great deal of other products manufactured there. Buick is certainly glad the Chinese don’t agree- they’ve been buying American-made Buicks for a long time.
For the die-hard “red, white, and blues” out there, I’d recommend researching how much of their vehicle is actually made in the USA. Where it’s assembled is irrelevant- the content is what matters.
Where the profits end up is what matters! When a car company from Japan builds cars in the US and then sends the profits back to Japan is wrong and should not be allowed to continue!
If a car company from America builds and sells cars in another country and then sends the profits back to America, is that equally wrong too and should not be allowed to continue?
When you consider the lopsided trade rules I think its justified. The US deserves to be able to compete on a level playing field.
Look at the restrictions that other countries that limit how many cars the US can sell in their countries and the unlimited amount of cars they can send to the US.
The rules should be equal across the board, China charges GM 50% tax on every car built in china to be sold in china. Now imagine how those same rules would affect the US market if the US government took 50% from each car made here from Toyota, Honda and the rest of the foreign car companies.
You can’t blame trade rules if the product doesn’t do well in the marketplace. American cars are stained with the perception of poor quality, and that keeps millions of people away from them.
Look at the Mustang. It’s doing fantastic overseas because Ford spend the extra money to make a better quality product.
Perhaps it would be better if GM made better quality products to captivate buyers rather than make less then impressive products that are rejected by the market and make up nonsense about trade barriers preventing their sale.
Ford proved to the Europeans that it’s not a problem for them to make a compelling, quality American car. They didn’t ask the Europeans to lower their standards; Ford rose up and met them.
So why can’t GM do it too?
Also, I think the playing field is level. It’s just that GM isn’t trying hard enough. You can’t handicap the market into buying a substandard product if they don’t want to.
Buick manager……
I would buy 100% American if I could but people like you who have no Country sold America away for corporate profits.
Your dreams of $10 dollar an hour people buying $50K GM vehicles will only last for a while and in the end we will all suffer. You my friend are not a Patriot………..don’t knock us. Shame on me for letting people like you sell our Country to a few money grabbing thieves.
90% of the items I buy that are made in China are junk. The box stores are wall to wall China products. That country has no clue on quality assurance, engineering, or GMP. Many times I HAVE to buy China because there is no U.S. made equivalent.
I am all for getting common items made here in America and I’m willing to pay more to bring jobs here and get some decent stuff for a change. China has cost me a ton of money with their garbage.
So how do you expect every car manufacturer to build every car and truck within the US? This is not possible IMO!
I’ve seen the Buick Envision I dont see a problem with the way its assembled. I think people hear the word china and just assume its junk. Now some things are but not everything
Didn’t say anything about cars in my note here. And I don’t have to “hear the word China and assume it’s junk”. I have lived it. Half of the stuff I buy I have to modify to make it work. The other 40% I have to take back to the store for a refund or replacement. So, how am I supposed to feel about a car being made in
China? Not to mention the huge trade deficit and the fact that China is NOT friendly to the U.S.
Having a GM vehicle is all that matters to me, where it comes from is not big deal to me! Now in a perfect world I would love all of there vehicles to be built in the US. That is just not practical in this world so you have to except the one or two cars that GM builds in other countries to be sold in US!
I wouldn’t buy a car made in China for very good reason. Otherwise I don’t care so long as it’s a good car.
I wouldn’t buy a car made in China for good reason. Otherwise I don’t care enough to not buy a car I really liked although I do have preferences.
I would prefer an American built car. If not American, then I prefer for it to be from at least a 2nd or 3rd tier nation like Mexico or Canada, respectively. But that’s just a preference.
Why does it matter what country it comes from? I would love to see all GM cars built in the US. But this additude that I’ll buy from Canada, Mexico, England, Germany, Spain but never from china, Russia, Iran.
Never understood this logic of thinking!
Human rights, pollution, labor rules these things mean nothing to me! I want the car I want and I dont care where it comes from or who is involved with putting it together.
I am not interested in solving the worlds problems! If that’s even possible!
It’s all about money, guys. Just walk into any WalMart, Lowe’s, Meijers, Home Depot, Menards, etc. It’s wall to wall China. Our Corporations get their junk made there to save money. AND they know that they have no
American made competition, so we’re stuck buying their garbage over and over again. The selfish attitude about not caring where the car is made….bull. A country that is weak in manufacturing is vulnerable during war. Germany, Japan, China are all powerhouse manufacturing countries. We’ve sold out to them. Been watching how China is building their military? or just worried about your car…
Right or wrong, we Americans (and much of the world) have bad impressions of Chinese parts. Rest of the world maybe bad too but thats what we think.
AMERICAN ONLY no foreign if you don’t support AMERICA or take a knee leave it
Right or wrong, we Americans (and much of the world) have bad impressions of Chinese parts. Given any realistic choice I prefer American as much as possible, but in the new global economy that’s becoming blurred. Likely China will take over the EV ( non Tesla) market as well, so if GM tries to sell us junk I’ll just go to the best Tesla I can afford.
I have no issue with Mexico or Canada. Vehicles have been coming from there for years and years. China on the other hand is a big issue. If they aren’t trying to poison our animals or sell us toxic dry wall or lead paint etc they are spying on us and are not our allies and should be considered a possible threat. I’m also sick to death of there poor quality items that we use on a daily basis and have little to no luck with anything I was forced to buy that was made in China.
The political things shouldn’t matter! What should matter is the condition of the car or truck after its built! There’s this perception that a GM car from china will far apart which is ridiculous, no more then a car coming from Mexico or Canada.
All I care about is GMs bottom line because I am smart enough to know that there is no way GM can build every car and truck within the US boarders
Toyota and Honda can build profitable cars in the US but GM can’t??? It’s pretty sad when a Toyota is more American than Chevrolet.
because GM has legacy costs like pensions,. younger work force which is healthier and unions.
go back In time all divisions were built in the USA –a few from Canada
General Motors has lost a lifelong customer with me. I’ve purchased more than 30 new and used GM cars and trucks throughout my life. I have never considered any other brand until now. I am pesonally offended that we, the tax payors, have bailed GM out of financial disaster, just to terminate 14,000 Amerians and move production operations to Mexico. I will be purchasing the only true American automobile from this point t forward, FORD. I’m heart broken over this…
I am 100 per cent with you on this one. I will never buy a gm vehicle ever again. My son has a 2015 f150 and is has been rock solid. His 2004 mustang has never had one issue. 140 000 and every single part is original. Pretty impressive.
I urge everyone to boycott General Motors. I am buying Ford 100 per cent. I hope people.follow suit. Why would someone support a company that hurts the very families that supported them for years. Very sad.
So are you going to do when ford has layoffs? You act as if GM is the only company that has ever had layoffs!
Do you just expect GM to keep building unprofitable cars? Then they lose money year after year until GM has a major layoff?
You people are ridiculous!
A ford will never be parked in my driveway!
Layoffs? Completely closing a plant and moving to Mexico is your idea of layoffs. I am glad you are supporting jobs in Mexico and China. Says so much about you. I and going to support the people here and my son has never touched a wrench to his mustang, or F150.
We know your lying now!
Really intelligent comeback. It really explains your whole thought process. Calling a person a liar is a feeble response.
If gmc/Chevy moves production to another country, I will never buy another product from them.
GMC is a us company, and should remain that way.
GM builds cars in different countries so they can be sold without a import taxes. mexico has free trade agreements with a lot of countries so GM builds cars there that can be sold around the world without a import tax. USA has a 25% import tax on pickups and GM, FCA and ford would be in trouble without it
GM should take a lesson from Harley Davidson, once they announced there is a possibility Harley production will move to another country, Harley sales went in the toilet…people want American companies to stay in America. I understand companies need to make a profit in order to stay in business, but how much money is enough for a, CEO for example…the current GM CEO salary with benefits is, $22 million dollars a year…seriously? And when you have some of the highest paid Union workers in the country, why are you asking for more every year, a COL increase should be every 3 years at best. I can bash Unions because, I worked Union for 26 years, and often complained that we were going to be out of a job if we kept asking for more money every year, when I made plenty to live on, and even travel with my family when we wanted. BTW, it did cost the Union many jobs after I warned them for years, but that was after I retired. Just my 2c for what it’s worth.